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In mammals, the growth rate of nails is related to the length of the terminal phalanges (outermost finger bones). Thus, in humans, the nail of the index finger grows faster than that of the little finger; and fingernails grow up to four times faster than toenails. [10] a b Ankel-Simons, Friderun (8 January 2007). Primate Anatomy: An introduction (3rded.). London, UK: Academic Press. pp.342–344. ISBN 978-0-12-372576-9. This suggests that whereas claws are useful on large-diameter branches, wide fingertips with nails and epidermal ridges were required for habitual locomotion on small-diameter branches. It also indicates keel-shaped nails of Callitrichines (a family of New World monkeys) is a derived postural adaptation rather than retained ancestral condition. [38] See also [ edit ]
Cashman MW, Sloan SB (2010). "Nutrition and nail disease". Clinics in Dermatology. 28 (4): 420–25. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.037. PMID 20620759. Schriger DL, Baraff LJ (Jun 1991). "Capillary refill – is it a useful predictor of hypovolemic states?". Ann Emerg Med. 20 (6): 601–15. doi: 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82375-3. PMID 2039096. The lunula ("small moon") is the visible part of the matrix, the whitish crescent-shaped base of the visible nail. The lunula can best be seen in the thumb and may not be visible in the little finger. The lunula appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the nail matrix and nail bed meet. Sommer NZ, Brown RE. The perionychium. Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Wolfe SW, eds. Green's Operative Hand Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005. vol 1: 389-416.This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The best way to care for nails is to trim them regularly. Filing is also recommended, as to keep nails from becoming too rough and to remove any small bumps or ridges that may cause the nail to get tangled up in materials such as cloth. [21] Onychogryposis affected nail can also have many ridges and grooves, appear brownish, and grow rapidly on one side when compared to the other side. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. It is the area of the nail on which the nail plate rests. Nerves and blood vessels found here supply nourishment to the entire nail unit. Like all skin, it is made of two types of tissues: the dermis and the epidermis. The epidermis is attached to the dermis by tiny longitudinal "grooves" called matrix crests ( cristae matricis unguis). [3] In old age, the nail plate becomes thinner, and these grooves become more visible. [ citation needed] The nail bed is highly innervated, and removal of the nail plate is often excruciatingly painful as a result. [ citation needed] Nail wraps are formed by cutting pieces of fiberglass, linen, silk fabric, or another material to fit on the surface of the nail (or a tip attached prior), to be sealed onto the nail plate with a layer of resin or glue. They do not damage the nail and also provide strength to the nail but are not used to lengthen it. It can also be used to fix broken nails. The treatment is however more expensive. The current record-holder for men, according to Guinness, is Shridhar Chillal from India who set the record in 1998 with a total of 20feet 2.25inches (615.32cm) of nails on his left hand. His longest nail, on his thumb, was 4feet 9.6inches (146.3cm) long.The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it. [2] Parts of the nail [ edit ] Vreeman, R. C; Carroll, A. E (2007). "Medical myths". BMJ. 335 (7633): 1288–9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39420.420370.25. PMC 2151163. PMID 18156231. Langan, Robert C.; Zawistoski, Kimberly J. (15 June 2011). "Update on Vitamin B12 Deficiency". American Family Physician. 83 (12): 1425–1430. PMID 21671542. Nail disease can be very subtle and should be evaluated by a dermatologist with a focus in this particular area of medicine. However, most times it is a nail stylist who will note a subtle change in nail disease. The nail is an unguis, meaning a keratin structure at the end of a digit. Other examples of ungues include the claw, hoof, and talon. The nails of primates and the hooves of running mammals evolved from the claws of earlier animals. [36]
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