Tissues and Issues

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de Almeida, P. et al. Cytoskeletal stiffening in synthetic hydrogels. Nat. Commun. 10, 609 (2019). A seminal work showing that hydrogels with cytoskeletal-like stress stiffening can be obtained. The ground substance of connective tissue contains structural proteins called fibers. There are three types of connective tissue fibers: Ma, Y., Feng, X., Rogers, J. A., Huang, Y. & Zhang, Y. Design and application of ‘J-shaped’ stress–strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review. Lab. Chip 17, 1689–1704 (2017). Leigh said she initially felt anxious about joining the group-as many new members do, but she encourages people to make that first step towards getting the support they need. She said: "If you want, I will meet you at the door so you're not on your own." Costs of tools for use of gardening club for older generation to support physical and mental wellbeing.

Somlyo, A. P. et al. Ultrastructure, function and composition of smooth muscle. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 11, 579–588 (1983). Stefanescu, H. et al. Spleen stiffness measurement using fibroscan for the noninvasive assessment of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 26, 164–170 (2011). Li, Q., Chen, L. & Zhou, Y. Diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness measurement in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or mildly elevated alanine transaminase levels. Sci. Rep. 8, 5224 (2018). McNamara, L. E. et al. The role of microtopography in cellular mechanotransduction. Biomaterials 33, 2835–2847 (2012).

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Aaron, B. B. & Gosline, J. M. Elastin as a random‐network elastomer: a mechanical and optical analysis of single elastin fibers. Biopolymers 20, 1247–1260 (1981). When former child star and operatic Voice of an Angel Charlotte Church grew up, we knew things were going to be different. As a feisty 19 year old with a rugby player boyfriend, she's been in and out of the papers every since she discovered boys and alcohol. Tissues and Issues sees Charlotte attempt to cross over from the classical chambers into the pop pond, but were our expectations, dreaming of a pop saviour, simply too high? Ingber, D. E. Tensegrity-based mechanosensing from macro to micro. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 97, 163–179 (2008). This article provides a complete overview of tensegrity in cell mechanics and its parallel with tensegrity architecture.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB). People with EB have skin that is so fragile that it tears or blisters as a result of a minor bump, stumble, or even friction from clothing. Some forms of EB may involve the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, the muscles, or the bladder. Caused by defects of several proteins in the skin, EB is usually evident at birth. Stamenović, D. et al. Rheological behavior of living cells is timescale-dependent. Biophys. J. 93, 39–41 (2007). Miotto, M. et al. 4D corneal tissue engineering: achieving time-dependent tissue self-curvature through localized control of cell actuators. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1807334 (2019).Sun, S., Song, Z., Cotler, S. J. & Cho, M. Biomechanics and functionality of hepatocytes in liver cirrhosis. J. Biomech. 47, 2205–2210 (2014). Siamantouras, E., Hills, C. E., Squires, P. E. & Liu, K. K. Quantifying cellular mechanics and adhesion in renal tubular injury using single cell force spectroscopy. Nanomedicine 12, 1013–1021 (2016). Pozzi, R. et al. Point shear-wave elastography in chronic pancreatitis: a promising tool for staging disease severity. Pancreatology 17, 905–910 (2017). Embryonic connective tissue, derived from mesoderm, is the precursor to many connective tissues in the adult body. It is categorized into two subtypes: mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue. Mesenchyme is found within the embryo. Mesenchymal cells are spindle shaped with processes extending from either end. The cell processes connect to those of other mesenchymal cells through gap junctions. Very thin, scattered collagen fibers are present, but they are not particularly strong reflecting the limited stress placed on the tissues of the developing embryo. Osteogenesis imperfecta . Osteogenesis imperfecta is a condition of brittle bones, low muscle mass, and lax joints and ligaments. There are several types of this condition. Specific symptoms depend on the specific type and may include: